Posts by axil

The nuclear powers will not permit the current non nuclear powers from moving to nuclear power. Knowledge of nuclear power technology will permit many unstable nations to produce U235, U233, and Pu239. This material can be used for both power plants and nuclear bombs. This is called proliferation. The spread of nuclear power know-how will not be permitted to nations that are not now a member of the nuclear club. This is unfair for the nuclear club to keep most nations of the world without the ability to use carbon free energy. LENR must be the answer to this political question.

Reference:

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.390.4631&rep=rep1&type=pdf

A novel model for the interpretation of the unidentified infrared (UIR)
bands from interstellar space: deexcitation of Rydberg Matter

I have been looking for ways to optimize production of Rydberg matter whose generation is discribed by Lief Holmlid in the reference above and except below.

We now report on a model in
which all UIR bands are due to electronic deexcitation in the
condensed phase named Rydberg Matter. This type of very low density
condensed matter is formed by condensation of Rydberg
states of almost any type of atom or small molecule, in space
mainly hydrogen atoms and molecules. The intial formation of
Rydberg states is due to desorption of alkali atoms from surfaces
of small particles, especially carbon particles. This desorption
can be caused by radiation or moderate heat and gives long lived
circular Rydberg states. Rydberg Matter can be produced
in macroscopic quantities in the laboratory.

To meet this method of rydberg matter production using carbon based generation capability as suggested above, I looked for a chemical compound that would be superior to (LAH; Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate) that contained Carbon to enhance Rydberg matter production, an Alkali metal. and Hydrogen. I assumed that replacing aluminum with carbon would make a better catalyst for producing Rydberg matter. My search for a replacement led to two alkkali compounds in the same family as follows:

lithium hydrogen acetylide Li HC2
potassium hydrogen acetylide KHC2

See
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylide

When these acetylides are heated, hydrogen is released, then the alkali metel is released from the carbon as the temperature rises. After the release of hydrogen, potassium/lithium carbide is formed. Potassium carbide was the active LENR material in the DGT reaction. In the old days, this stuff was used in miners lanterns to produce illuminating gas when water was added.

As a disclaimer, I am not a chemist, so I don’t know the toxicity and explosion risks of these compounds. Please help here.

IMHO, to test the Rydberg matter cause of LENR, a series of tests using one or both of these Acetylide based compounds might be worth a try.

Quote from Ecco

@Mats002: hopefully my calculations aren't completely wrong. We could more easily put it this way: by the time the LiAlH4 completely decomposed, in the cell there were 10.53 mmol of Hydrogen and 15.52 mmol or Nickel (actually less because it wasn't pure). Assuming that even "just" 25% of the hydrogen got absorbed by the Nickel powder, that would be an H/Ni ratio of ((10.52/4) / 15.52) = 0.169 which is still far larger than it's supposed to be. But this might be only apparently happening.

According to Leif Holmlid, Rydberg Matter hydrogen has a density of 0.5−0.7 kg dm3, so pressure should decrease if forms:
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef050172n
As far as I understand (still not enough), it's formed by the condensation of clusters of excited Rydberg hydrogen atoms. How does that happen exactly? I'm not sure.

I provided a extensive explanation of how nano particles form including Rydberg matter on the MFMP site in the catalyst thread and also on this site and on EGO OUT.

The key to getting LENR to work is to generate nanoparticles. Rydberg matter is best. How does Rydberg Hydrogen Matter (RHM) form?

Nucleation is the first step in the formation of a new crystalline structure via self-assembly or self-organization. Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long an observer has to wait before the new phase or self-organized structure appears.

The probability that nucleation will begin is very sensitive to impurities present in the system. Because of this, it is often important to distinguish between heterogeneous nucleation and homogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation occurs at nucleation sites on surfaces in the system. Homogenous nucleation occurs away from a surface. Rydberg matter formation begins with heterogeneous nucleation that occurs on a surface that hydrogen faces.

Nucleation is a stochastic process where random factors dominate. No two identical systems are identical so nucleation will occur at different times and at different rates.] This behavior is similar to radioactive decay. nucleation theory predicts that the time you have to wait for nucleation decreases extremely rapidly when supersaturated. Supersaturation implies that a solution of more than one element and/or compound and/or their associated phases are present in a mixture and the state of this solution contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances. It can also refer to a vapor of a compound that has a higher (partial) pressure than the vapor pressure of that compound.

For example, hydrogen and lithium can exist in a supersaturated mixture where hydrogen and/or lithium and/or lithium hydride can nucleate nanoparticles of hydrogen, lithium, and/or lithium hydride.

The generation of nanoparticles in a gas mixture is responsive to the manipulation of the supersaturating condition of the gas mixture.

Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution. One of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility. As a general rule, the more heat is added to a system, the more soluble a substance becomes. (There are exceptions where the opposite is true). Therefore, at high temperatures, more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature. If this solution were to be suddenly cooled at a rate faster than the rate of precipitation, the solution will become supersaturated until the solute precipitates to the temperature-determined saturation point. The precipitation or crystallization of the solute takes longer than the actual cooling time because the molecules need to meet up and form the precipitate without being knocked apart by the solvent. Thus, the larger the molecule, the longer it will take to crystallize due to the principles of Brownian motion.

The condition of supersaturation does not necessarily have to be reached through the manipulation of heat. The ideal gas law PV = nRT suggests that pressure and volume can also be changed to force a system into a supersaturated state. If the volume of solvent is decreased, the concentration of the solute can be above the saturation point and thus create a supersaturated solution. The decrease in volume is most commonly generated through evaporation. Similarly, an increase in pressure can drive a solution to a supersaturated state. All three of these mechanisms rely on the fact that the conditions of the solution can be changed quicker than the solute can precipitate or crystallize out.

The formation of nanoparticles are best supported in a supersaturated gas solution where the temperature and/or its pressure is constantly changing.

Heterogeneous nucleation of an alkali metal which includes hydrogen is supported by another alkali element metal(or chemical compound isoelectric mimics of the alkali metals...Aluminum monoxide mimics potassium) sitting on a transition metal substrate. The alkali deposits provides a template form which the nanoparticle will nucleate and grow. Examples of such nucleation template masks are potassium or lithium on the surface of iron or nickel. In the analysis of the Lugano fuel mix, lithium completely covered the 100 micron nickel fuel particle.

In theory, a mixture of potassium and lithium should support faster development at lower temperatures of a supersaturation condition of a hydrogen gas mixture than a mix using lithium only.

As documented in the AIRBUS patent, an alternative method in nanoparticle production is electric arcing. The arc produces the high temperatures and pressures needed for supersaturation in the gas that surrounds the arc. As seen in the experiment of Ken Shoulders, the arc will produce a zone of temperature and pressure drop at some distance from the arc where nanoparticles will form. The temperature and pressure drop that results when the arc stops will also meet the requirements of nanoparticle production. A rapidly repeating high voltage electric arc on/off cycle will maximize nanoparticle production in a gas mixture.

FYI to sveinol

It took scientists a full year to get the minds around this process, but Science has discovered how another part of the LENR mechanism functions: how the movement of electrons/photons inside of EMF based polariton soliton can produce a dark mode that is an effective EMF black hole. The absence of radiation is the result of the current being divided between two different components, a conventional electric dipole (this is the plasmon in the SPP) and a toroidal dipole (this is the polariton in an SPP) (associated with poloidal current configuration), which produce identical fields at a distance.

If these two configurations are out of phase then the radiation will be cancelled out, even though the electromagnetic fields are non-zero in the area close to the currents.

This also explains how SPPs are dark matter when generated by Rydberg hydrogen matter in space.

A Spacer as referenced in the article is a SPP laser

http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=52028

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-08-t…nless-revolution.html#jCp
The actual paper that this article is based on, is here:

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2…ms9069/pdf/ncomms9069.pdf

From MFMP as follows:

@Ecco

Filing date Nov 27, 2012
Priority date Nov 27, 2011
Also published as US20150162104, WO2013076378A2, WO2013076378A3
Inventors Pekka Soininen

From this patent

https://www.google.com/patents...

"[0116] In an embodiment of the present invention styrene catalyst is utilized for enhancing nuclear fusion in a solid state system. The precursor for the styrene catalyst, hematite Fe203, having corundum crystal structure is reduced with hydrogen gas into magnetite FesO i. The precursor (iron oxide) is doped with alkali metal hydroxide comprising lithium hydroxide LiOH, sodium hydroxide NaOH, potassium hydroxide KOH, rubidium hydroxide RbOH and/or cesium hydroxide CsOH or with alkali metal oxide comprising lithium oxide Li20, sodium oxide Na20, potassium oxide K20, rubidium oxide Rb20 and/or cesium oxide Cs20. The alkali metal hydroxide is preferably KOH and the alkali metal oxide is preferably K20. Textural promoters comprising alumina Al203 and/or chromia Cr203 are added to the iron oxide. The said textural promoters are stable in process conditions in hot, highly reducing environment and they prevent the loss of lattice defects that are necessary for storing Rydberg matter and inverted Rydberg matter.

[0123] Industrial catalysts have been optimized for specific chemical processes. For example, formation of coke (solid carbonaceous material) on the catalyst surface is avoided if the process temperature is kept in a specified temperature range. The present invention does not utilize compounds that form coke and temperatures above the normal temperature range for catalytic processes can be used in the present thermal- energy producing reactor. [0124] The probability for obtaining nuclear fusion near a single structural defect of a material is very small. Arranging a very large number of particles with surface and lattice defects to the reaction container increases the probability for nuclear fusion events per time unit within the reaction container to a noticeable and useful level. For example, if a 50 g piece of nickel is converted into 5 nm Ni nanoparticles with about 6000 atoms, about 8.55*1019 Ni nanoparticles is obtained. Each Ni nanoparticle may be in contact with a catalyst nanoparticle that promotes the formation of Rydberg atoms and clusters. Even a very small probability for obtaining nuclear fusion near a single Ni nanoparticle becomes considerable and useful when all the 8.55*1019 probabilities are added together."

In one important way, Rossi's catalytic approach is more powerful than that of Pekka Soininen. Rossi uses up to 100 micron nickel particles which are sintered together from 5 micron COTS powder. The EMF power amplification factor that these various particles produce when aggregated is proportional to the SIZE SPREAD of the particles sizes used. A particle size spread between 100 microns and 1 nanometer produces a EMF power application factor of 10^15 when heat (infrared EMF) is converted to magnetic power.

See this reference for an explanation of how this amplification process works

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1405/1405.1657.pdf

Plasmonics with a twist: taming optical tornadoes on the nanoscale

See this for more detail involving EMF conversion processes

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1308/1308.0547.pdf

Extraordinary momentum and spin in evanescent waves

Who was awarded the potassium patent or was it deemed by Rossi and his legal team to be open source? Rossi's low heat reactor (1 Megawatt version) must use a potassium based fuel. A Lithium based fuel must run in a reactor with and operating temperature of over 1000C. Is Rossi conceding the Big cat and his tiger reactor subsystem as using and open source technology?

DGT used Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as their fuel. This is the standard LENR catalyst. It has been used from the earliest times of LENR. Thermocore might have been the first to experiment with potassium. Potassium could support a fine LENR reactor design.

Melting point (891 °C (1,636 °F; 1,164 K)

Boiling point - decomposes.

A competitor of Rossi could develop a reactor that uses K2CO3 with no patent protection recourse from Rossi. I believe that Rossi is reserving the Lithium aluminum hydride fuel as a doorway to the direct conversion of the LENR reaction into electricity. This might be why Rossi made a point that the lithium based LENR patent was the first LENR patent to be set in place by Rossi’s team.

A way to get around the Rossi patent protection is to mix chemical compounds containing cesium, potassium and lithium together in proportions that are different from those specified by the Rossi patent.

Even if Mills does not discrib what he does in his technologies as LENR, as described by Mills in his patents, there are hundreds of chemical compound combinations that will support the LENR reaction.

These chemicals uses as fuel are not fundamental to LENR, it is what these fuels produce that results in LENR. Those more fundamental elements are nanoparticles of the proper sizes and aggregations comprised of elements and/or chemical compounds.

If you remember the story of how a LENR reaction melted and vaporized a hole in a lab table and then the reinforced concrete floor of a LENR lab just under the table, the various materials comprising that vaporized table and floor served as fuel of the LENR reaction in that amazing case.

For all those who accused Deflakion of stealing Rossi's technology. the Rossi LENR patent indicates that DGT(uses potassium) and Rossi (uses lithium) when down unrelated paths to create the LENR reaction.

It looks like aluminum oxide has the same chemical character as potassium because of the superatom effect. Al2O and potassium are isoelectrically identical. Aluminum oxide may produce the same rydberg hydrogen formation function that potassium does. If Rossi is changing his tube material, he must add a potassium catalyst into his fuel mix. If Rossi reports a unsuccessful switch of tube material away from Alumina, then we know what he is doing. Al2O commonly exists as a gas, since the solid state is not stable at room temperature and is only stable between 1050 and 1600 °C. Aluminium (I) Oxide is formed by heating Al and Al2O3 in vacuo while in the presence of SiO2 and C, and only by condensing the products.Information is not commonly available on this compound due to instability, complex high-temperature spectra, difficult detection, and identification. In reduction, Al2O is a major component of vapors of Al2O3. There are also 12 valence electrons in Al2O.

One of the reasons why Parkhomov may be successful in his replication efforts is the presence of SiO2 as an impurity in the alumina tube that he uses. Together with Carbon, the pair of compounds creates a Rydberg Hydrogen Matter formation catalyst when Al2O is produced.

Holmlid has suggested that Rydberg matter in space is just something that we call Dark matter

This may be true. The Rydberg matter supports superconductivity(SC). This SC gives mass to photons in the way that the Higgs field gives mass to particles.

Mary Yugo@

Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned. Your unnatural and unreasonable fury toward Rossi might involve a deeply held, secretly silent, and possibly unconscious obsession with Rossi. What emotion might be responsible, I wonder...envy, lust, jealousy. But considering the depth of your obsession with Rossi, it might be the most powerful of all the emotions...the most illogical and perverted...unrequited LOVE.

Over on the Rossi blog site, there has recently been a ton of questions asking Rossi what the E-Cat-X is all about. Rossi is silent on that issue. He is very protective about his new collections of IP secrets. And yet, he gave the Lugano crew the Hot cat to play with for a month. To completely give the Lugano testers all his treasured and hard won IP secrets is completely out of character. Rossi must have thought that the Hot Cat was a dead end. Try as he might, Rossi could not get the Hot cat to work, and he gave up on it. He never intended to give anybody the opportunity and the Know-how to replicate any of his work. Does a leopard change its spots? But when Rossi read the Lugano report, he saw something he liked very much, it was something he did not see in all his own extensive Hot cat experiments. He was very surprised, and he took advantage of this very good luck as he has always done. Those new insights that he gleaned from the Lugano report gave him inspiration to invent the E-Cat-X. The tantalizing question that we are faced with: what insight did Rossi get from the Lugano report.

Maybe Rossi gave up on the Hot Cat because, try as he might, he could not get the Hot Cat to work well, So he intended to throw his competitors a curve by showing them a failed test. He used an old fuel load from one of his failed Hot cat tests knowing full well that the Hot Cat would not work to any great extent. But to his surprise, the Lugano crew got the reactor to work anyway beyond all his wildest expectations.

The previously used fuel loaded in the Lugano test showed no build up of Ni62, just run of the mill nickel isotopes, but the Lugano run changed the nickel powder into pure Ni62. We know that Rossi was very surprised by this strange turn of events. Rossi must have thought to himself, what could have caused that miracle? How come I could not do this thing and those Lugano testers could?

Because they did not want to melt the hot cat down, the Lugano crew let the Hot cat heat for 10 days before they decided to up the temperature. In those first 10 days the Hot cat was a poor performer. Rossi never had the patience to run the Hot cat for so long, he did not have the patience to run such a non productive test for that long. But after those 10 days of gestation, the Lugano crew increased the power and the heat and the Rossi reaction took off.

The power produced by the reactor showed a COP of 7 when the power was increased. Something must have been building up over those 10 days of moderate heat. LENR has always had a history of running for a long time before the reaction sets in. The Palladium guys thought ot was caused by loading hydrogen into palladium, but that was not the case.

Nano-particles were being created slowly until their numbers reached a critical threshold for the reactor to take off. Without those large 100 micron nickel particles, the nano particle aggregation must be grown large enough to get the power of the reaction over a critical level. That correct level is when the aggregation is big enough to establish a positive feedback loop with the nuclear fusion reactions catalyzed by the aggregation.

Rossi said to himself, I can just add some of my potassium catalyst to the lithium aluminum hydride to get the nano particles to form faster. 10 days is far to long to wait to start up the Hot cat. Then I could turn on the lithium powder very fast, and I do not need the nickel anymore.
-------------------
New update

Andrea Rossi
August 18th, 2015 at 5:43 PM

Curiosone:
Update at 07.40 p.m. of Tuesday August 18.
E-Cat 1 MW: downloaded to 750 kW of power for reparation of a reactor. Another working night looms up.
E-Cat X: burnt, but we have understood well where is the problem, so we are making another one that very likely will be very reliable. I hope.
From inside the plant,
Warm Regards,
A.R.

Rossi might have found the method to control the E-Cat meltdown mechanism, The X-Cat might have destroyed the alumina tube by overheating. How hot can the X-Cat get?

Rossi might want to try Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) (Melting point 2,715 °C (4,919 °F; 2,988 K))

This compound is a ceramic in which the crystal structure of zirconium dioxide is made stable at room temperature by an addition of yttrium oxide. These oxides are commonly called "zirconia" (ZrO2) and "yttria" (Y2O3), hence the name.

It is difficult to solve the heater material problem because most heater elements will oxidize at high temperatures. This is not true for YSZ. Rossi could heat the YSZ tube directly.

Electroceramics is a class of ceramic materials used primarily for their electrical properties. YSZ is an Electroceramic; it conducts electricity well as a fast ion conductor ceramic that has been used historically for the glowing rods in early Nernst lamps.

The Nernst lamp was an early form of incandescent lamp. Nernst lamps did not use a glowing tungsten filament. Instead, they used a ceramic rod that was heated to incandescence. Because the rod (unlike tungsten wire) would not further oxidize when exposed to air, there was no need to enclose it within a vacuum or noble gas environment; the burners in Nernst lamps could operate exposed to the air and were only enclosed in glass to isolate the hot incandescent emitter from its environment. A ceramic of zirconium oxide - yttrium oxide was used as the glowing rod.

One disadvantage of the Nernst design was that the ceramic rod was not electrically conductive at room temperature so the lamps needed a separate heater filament to heat the ceramic hot enough to begin conducting electricity on its own.

Rossi is not using nickel in his new E-Cat - X reactor. He is using a nickel substitute.

In May 2008 Japanese researcher Yoshiaki Arata (Osaka University) demonstrated an experiment that produced heat when deuterium gas was introduced into a cell containing a mixture of palladium and zirconium oxide. In an August 2009 peer reviewed paper Akira Kitamura (Kobe University) et al. reported about replication of this experiment. Replication of earlier work by Arata had been claimed by McKubre at SRI.

Miley’s device, does not require an external heat source, relying on the chemical reactions within it to produce the heat energy needed to run the unit. The fuel is ZrO2 (zirconium dioxide) and deuterium pressurized to 413 kilo pascals (60 psi).

Why do these compounds work as a LENR catalysts?

http://www.pnnl.gov/science/highlights/highlight.asp?id=803

Superatoms are clusters of atoms that mimic elements through isoelectric configurations of their valence electrons.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superatom

Element replacements

Titanium monoxide (TiO) => nickel

Zirconium oxide (ZrO) => palladium

Tungsten carbide(WC) => Platinum

-----------------------

Titanium oxide (Melting point1,750 °C (3,180 °F; 2,020 K))

is a high temperature subsitute for nickel.

Applications

Catalyst supports
Photocatalysts
Chemical sensors, especially high temperature gas sensors
Anodes of lithium ion batteries
Dye-sensitized solar cells (photovoltaic and photocatalytic cells)
Drug delivery
Fuel cells
Biosensors
Filler for various nanocomposites
Filler for various adhesives and paints
Filler for various high performance films

Synonym

Titanium oxide tubes, titania nanotubes, titania tubes, titania, titanium dioxide nanotubes, titanium dioxide tubes, titanium dioxide, titanium(IV) oxide nanotubes, titanium(IV) oxide tubes, titanium oxide

Quote from AlainCo

About the theoretical production of Mr Geneste, as it is formulated, and accounting from his past books, I feel it is much more general than proposing Weak Interaction, or BEC theory...

about vacuum energy I have watched discussion on that concept with emDrive.

My impression is that Vacuum is like the basic quietest state of a lake, not even a lake, but the perfectly still ocean.
you cannot get energy from the ocean quiet state, but from excited state like from waves, from thermal gradients.

you can see there is huge mass of energy as stored in ocean quiet state, in ocean pressure, in gravity, it seems huge but you cannot do anything with it, as there is nothing lower.

On the opposite you can swim in it (that is what some propose for EmDrive), or catch energy from waves caused by excitation of that still system.

Some like Michael McCulloch (and Unruh) propose that presence of objects in the ocean change the quiet state and allow some action, especially because the lowest energy state of quantum ocean is not perfectly still.

an example is a strange effect observed in ports. when there is a basic wave presence in a port, there is a spontaneous effect that make boats get toward the pier.
it is a casimir pressure, because between the pier and the boat only few waves wavelength are allowed, and that on the opposite open sea side there is much more wavelength allowed....

This is not a free-lunch energy, but it may be useful.

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If you take a look at the experiments of George Egely

http://www.slideshare.net/exop…-nano-dust-fusion-40pages

you will see the identical mechanism for vacuum excitation as those seen in the EmDrive resonator. Egely uses a spherical quartz resonator that is tuned to be a resonate microwave resonator by drilling holes at stratigic locations on the surface of the sphere; Those EMF based tuning holes produce LENR based transmutation effects using microwave radiation. EmDrive uses the same microwave resonator principle to produce thrust. I suspect that if you add some carbon dust to the EmDrive resonator, you would see the same LENR transmutation results that Egely has seen. If you add some radioactive isotope to the inside of the EmDrive resonator you would see the stabilization of that isotope.

Conversely, if you put the Egely spherical quartz LENR resonator on a thrust measurement stand, you would see thrust.

Quote from Gerard McEk

Axil, I do not understand 'Vacuum Energy'. Can you explain where it comes from?

See

Zero point energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy

Quote from AlainCo

Peter gluck report some answers of JF Geneste :

http://egooutpeters.blogspot.f…-theory-breakthrough.html

The question boils down to what is fundamental and what emerges from that basic causation. The strength of the weak force may be determined by the energy content of the vacuum. The weak force may not be fundamental. The weak force may emerge from the excitation or an imbalance in the energy content of the vacuum. The excitation or energy unbalance of the vacuum may be what is fundamental.

Radioactive decay is caused by the weak force. But the rate of this decay can vary in LENR. The energy state of the vacuum is what ultimately determines how fast radioactive decay precedes.

Furthermore, when the vacuum is highly energized, that is, when a large electric field is present within the vacuum, nature will try hard to reduce that field until it is totally neutralized. If the field is strong enough, the vacuum does that by producing particles from the vacuum. An intense electric filed will produce heavy particles that last a long time,

This is what Helmlid has seen in his experiments with Rydberg matter and the production of muons.

LENR is a continual process of energy conversion to charge, charge concentration and resultant charge neutralization.

Quote from sveinol

[quote='axil','http://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index.php/Thread/1853-Ask-questions-to-Dr-Sveinn-Ólafsson-Science-Institute-University-of-Iceland/?postID=6779#post6779']Why do muons take so long to decay when produced by Rydberg matter?

Small correction here:

Nothing indicates in Holmlid's experiments that the muons are behaving differently than normal muons.

Greetings

Sveinn

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From the Holmlid paper as follows:

"The sources give a slowly decaying muon signal for several hours and days after being used for producing H(0). They can be triggered to increase the muon production by laser irradiation inside the chambers or sometimes even by turning on the fluorescent lamps in the laboratory for a short time."

What can delay the appearance of muons for days after they are initially produced? I assume that muon detection will stop after some time after excitation. For these delayed muons, where does the energy for their production come from after days of zero excitation. This behavior does not follow the behavior of muons that are produced by a particle accelerator.

Slow decay sounds like a delayed reaction to me.

Recently, I was watching an easy to understand lecture on YouTube titled "ER = EPR", or "What's Behind the Horizons of Black Holes?" given by Prof. Leonard Susskind, director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. He was explaining how he resolves the AMPS paradox about the limitation a entanglement to explain manipulation of energy inside a black hole through wormholes.

His explanation related to Black Holes explains perfectly how energy from a fusion event is sent into a SPP(an EMF Black Hole) as a consequence of entanglement. Susskind said that it would take science 100 years to recognized that his theory was true or not because there was no way to experimentally test it.

He also explained how a black hole sends out entangling photons from black hole evaporation. This wormhole base energy transfer mechanism must also happen with SPPs. All this EMF from SPP evaporation must create an totally entangled environment inside a LENR reactor. This might explain why Rydberg matter is superconducting.

I thought to myself that this energy transfer happens as a fundamental mechanism in LENR that can be experimentally verified. Susskind can resolve the structure of space time and connect quantum mechanics to general relativity and prove it experimentally using a LENR reactor. If only one of the LENR experimentalists would let down their proprietary dress and work with black hole science. Just imagine how far our understanding of the universe will move forward when science and LENR are reconciled.

The true theory of LENR must explain many and varied unbelievable things which include the following: beyond the production of over unity thermal energy, the thermalization of gamma radiation, the rapid to instantaneous stabilization of radioactive isotopes, lack of neutron emissions, and the wide variation of seemingly random transmutation results which includes fusion of light elements into heavier elements and fission of heavy elements into lighter ones, remote reaction at a distance from the location of the LENR reaction, and instantaneous cluster fusion involving huge numbers of sub-reactions that occur instantly and collectively.

Now with the revelations of Holmlid's results, LENR theory must explain the spontaneous production of a wide range of subatomic particles that can only be produced in a particle accelerator in the 6 gigavolt range. Also why muon decay is delayed after they are produced from the vacuum.

These LENR results are what science cannot explain and why these results are beyond the power of science to understand. A scientist that has only one system to draw experimental experience from is at great disadvantage in seeing the big picture in LENR theory.

The true LENR theory will push science into a unified field theory that combines general relativity and quantum mechanics within the context of condensed matter physics, I will evaluate this new theory based on all the aforementioned criteria.

Why do muons take so long to decay when produced by Rydberg matter?

The muon decays when a W- appears from the vacuum. This appearance is timed by the probability of the decay of the muon. But if the vacuum is energized so that it has an excess of positive vacuum energy. then the W- will not appear on time, the muon will be delayed as it usually does. Excess vacuum energy slows down time. A excess of positive vacuum energy appears if a corresponding zone of negative vacuum energy is present.

The delayed decay time of muons allows the to catalyze far more fusion events because they are are around for so long.

That zone of negative vacuum energy exists inside the SPP. Negative vacuum energy speeds up time a lot. This acceleration of time is why radioactive isotopes produced by fusion in LENR decay almost instantaneously. That is because the ash from a fusion event is entangled with the inside of the SPP in which all the energy of the fusion event is delivered through teleportation.

See this reference about vacuum energy

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.…energy/negativeenergy.htm

sveinol said:

Quote

"I end this by saying LENR, Cold fusion is 100% ultra-dense hydrogen."

The hydrogen nano particle might be optimal for LENR because of its small size, but it may not be the only type of nano particle that can produce LENR. There are three other systems that produce LENR based results based on non hydrogen nano particle types. Hydrogen nano particles are not necessarily required as a fundamental cause of the reaction as shown in the experiments done at Proton 21 where a ball of copper is blasted with a high powered arc discharge, and the carbon dust experiments performed using microwaves conducted by George Egely, the new editor of infinite magazine. In the Proton 21 experiments, in nano-particles involved are copper based and in the Egely case, the nano-particles are based on carbon. In the Papp reaction in his 1980s design, the nano particles are based on chlorine and noble gases.

Holmlid may be making an false assumption that the density of the hydrogen nano particle is critical in producing LENR effects, but the small size of the particle and its nano wire shape from which coherence and super conductor current flow is based may be more important in optimizing LENR effects.

Other important nano particles may be derived from a combination of elements. For example, lithium and hydrogen may combine into an effective nano particle compound. And let us not forget the most important compound nano particle of all, the water particle which is at the center of the LENR effects produced by cavitation.