Electron-assisted fusion

Quote from Jarek

Indeed understanding the nuclear part of LENR is also a big (even much bigger) challenge, but we should start with understanding how nuclei could get so close - crossing the Coulomb barrier, for which assistance of electron seems necessary.

Since strange matter has been detected in LENR, there is the possibility that EMF reacts with the strong and weak forces to produce hadron decay. This decay of protons and neutrons would produce Kaons as has been observed in experimentation. You got to beleive in experimental results no matter how weird.

The kaons / strange matter is the stuff of Holmlid experiments at the extreme energy density scale, it has anything nothing to do with cold fusion and it's actually hotter than the tokamak fusion

Quote from Zephir_AWT

The kaons / strange matter is the stuff of Holmlid experiments at the extreme energy density scale, it has anything to do with cold fusion and it's actually hotter than the tokamak fusion

Please clarify, shouldn't the "anything" above instead represent "nothing"?

Thanks

Yes, indeed - Thank You for correction!

Quote from Jarek

Regarding proton decay, this is a very interesting hypothetical possibility ... but again not for LENR - it would release GeV-scale energy, and so huge cascade of high energy particles - easily going through the thin lead shielding.

Now what could invalidate this assertion.

Well an energy storage mechanism might. If that energy generated from the decay of protons and neutrons somehow found its way into a long term energy storage method, then the power from the decay of the nucleons could be released over a long indeterminate timeframe.

If there any evidence the such energy storage can occur? Well there might well be. Holmlid reports that he has detected muons coming from his "fuel" days and weeks after the laser that he uses to excitate his reaction has been switched off. He even reports that a florescent light in his lab produces muon creation of his "fuel" . Furthermore, Piantelli reports seeing a 6.7 MeV particle emitted from his nickel bar.

There is also the possibility of energy conversion through thermalization where nuclear energy is transformed into heat. Also, Rossi reports substantial electron production where a almost equal part of his COP comes in the form of electron production. What is all those electrons are being produced from whole cloth. Electrons are a decay product of muons. Besides heat, Rossi also reports 50 KeV radiation observed coming from his reactor.

Don't forget that the reported COP(200) of Rossi's Quark reactor has increased substantially since Rossi has switched to electrostatic reaction stimulation.

In short, energy from proton decay can be converted to photons concurrently at many energy levels and particles of many kinds over a long timeframe after the LENR nuclear reaction has terminated which suggests a robust post reaction energy storage, conversion, and release mechanism.

A Bose condinsate can store energy by converting energy to mass. A photon that enters a Bose condinsate acquires mass and slows down to walking speed. Any sublight particle has mass.

This might be called dark photons. There is a speculation in science that dark photons are the source of the dark matter seen in the universe. There is evidence that galaxies are clothed in huge Bose condensation. All the photons in those galaxies aquire mass. This process would produce a huge amount of mass from these dark photons that exist inside the galaxy wide Bose condensates.

Quote from Jarek

These are eV-scale photons in a very special (superfluid) medium, here we are talking about MeV-scale photons in standard solid matter (it has eV-scale phonons, excitons, plasmons etc.) - we know how such photons behave, the only reasonable way to "store them" is in nuclei (isomers) or other nuclear reactions.

IMHO, photons can be stored in a Bose condinsate of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) that populate a polariton based spin wave formed on the surface of a superconducting metalized hydride particle.

Here is what EMF looks like inside a polarion

Here is depicted the wave pattern of the EMF confined in a dark mode Polariton

(a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) The cross-sectional views of the electrical field Exdistribution of the plasmonic whispering-gallery mode with the different azimuthal number (m = 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) for the cavity with radius r = 5 nm and chemical potential μc = 0.9 eV.

From

https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-22-5-5754&id=281259
Surface-plasmon-polariton whispering-gallery mode analysis of the graphene monolayer coated InGaAs nanowire cavity

Quote from axil

A Bose condinsate can store energy by converting energy to mass. A photon that enters a Bose condinsate acquires mass and slows down to walking speed. Any sublight particle has mass.

I guess a bose-condensate is efficient in dissipating/distributing energy. At 2.3 pm per Proton/Deuteron a large chunk of energy is missing! (Not stored!)

Form me the "Low-energy nuclear reactions and the leptonic monopole Georges Lochak, Leonid Urutskoev" paper is closer to reality, than everything mentioned above!

Quote from Wyttenbach

I guess a bose-condensate is efficient in dissipating/distributing energy. At 2.3 pm per Proton/Deuteron a large chunk of energy is missing! (Not stored!)

Form me the "Low-energy nuclear reactions and the leptonic monopole Georges Lochak, Leonid Urutskoev" paper is closer to reality, than everything mentioned above!

The SPP is a analog leptonic monopole.

See

Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1204/1204.3564.pdf

Quote

Monopoles are magnetic charges, point-like sources of magnetic field. Contrary to electric charges they are absent in Maxwell’s equations and have never been observed as fundamental particles. Quantum fluids such as spinor Bose-Einstein condensates have been predicted to show monopoles in the form of excitations combining phase and spin topologies. Thanks to its unique spin structure and the direct optical control of the fluid wavefunction, an ideal system to experimentally explore this phenomenon is a condensate of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity. We use this system to create half-solitons, non-linear excitations with mixed spin-phase geometry. By tracking their trajectory, we demonstrate that half-solitons behave as monopoles, magnetic charges accelerated along an effective magnetic field present in the microcavity. The field-induced spatial separation of half-solitons of opposite charges opens the way to the generation of magnetic currents in a quantum fluid.

Quote from axil

Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1204/1204.3564.pdf

Monopoles are magnetic charges, point-like sources of magnetic field. Contrary to electric charges they are absent in Maxwell’s equations and have never been observed as fundamental particles.

Behave like is different to be a monopole!! The guessed energies for a 'real' magnetic monopole are multi MeV up to GeV.

these people claim to see monopoles!
What do you think about this: http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LochakGlowenergyn.pdf

Quote

http://www.svn.net/krscfs/Permittivity Transitions.pdf

PERMITTIVITY TRANSITIONS by Ken Shoulders

One of the amazing accomplishments of Ken Shoulders is this experiment including photos of the life cycle of Surface Plasmon Polariton creation, transformation, and termination.

On page 4, Ken Shoulder(KS) captures the creation of a SPP just after a spark discharge. Shoulders calls the bright mode SPP a White EV, and a dark mode SPP a Dark EV.

For a description of dark and bright mode SPP's see

Quote

https://www.osapublishing.org/…=oe-22-13-16112&id=294258

Determination of the absorption and radiative decay rates of dark and bright plasmonic modes

One amazing finding that Ken Shoulders demonstrated was element transmutation just through the action of spark discharge...no hydrogen...no transition metal...just a spark.

This LENR mechanism can be attributed to the production of nanoparticles from the condensation of the metal vapor from electrode material heated by the spark. SPPs form on the surface of these nanoparticles in the interface layer between the metal and the air, a dielectric.

The SPPs follow the spark path and as KS shows first form a bright mode SPP. This bright mode SPP then transforms into a Dark mode SPP which stores energy in a Bose condinsate which results in the generation of a monopole magnetic flux lines.

The bright mode SPP shows dipole activity, but the dark mode SPP shows little of no dipole activity, but as KS found, Dark mode SPP produces a monopole magnetic field.

Quote

Unidirectional Current Flow:

Under the conditions of white and black EV looping as stated above, there is an electrical peculiarity worth noting. The current flows in only the white EV direction thus giving the basic conditions for magnetic field generation without closing the current loop. The return charge flows around the other half of the loop without being registered in our instruments. This might be the basis for predicting something like a magnetic monopole.

The Dark mode SPP is typified by the onset of a condensation of polaritons to form a polariton BEC which acts like a EMF black hole. This BEC comprises both electrons and photons in an entangled state.

The decay of the Dark mode soliton produces a shower of ions as picture 5 shows.

The Lochak monopole is produced by spark discharge in like fashion to KS's EV solitons, but since the spark occurs in water. a spark based cavitation process generates a water crystal, the particle type that hosts the SPP is comprised of metalized water and condensed titanium vapor.

As a SPP BEC whose energy storage capacity is huge, the monopole analog that this BEC simulates is multi MeV up to GeV in energy capacity.

Quote from axil

transmutation just through the action of spark discharge

This is known since ages... Simple accelerator physics...

Quote from Wyttenbach

This is known since ages... Simple accelerator physics...

Ken Shoulders used a voltage of between 100 to 500 volts to form his spark. This is NOT a particle accelerator.

Quote from axil

This is NOT a particle accelerator.

Not in the billion dollar realm, but very much a particle accelerator.

That coaxial plasma gun is a beautiful piece of hardware.