On fusion/fission chain reactions in the Fleischmann-Pons cold fusion experiment

Anghaie, S.; Froelich, P.; Monkhorst, H.J.

American Nuclear Society

Fusion Science and Technology -- ANS / Publications / Journals / Fusion Science and Technology

1990-01-01

In this paper the possibility of fusion/fission chain reactions following d-d source reactions in electrochemical cold fusion experiments have been investigated. The recycling factors for the charged particles in fusion reactions with consumable nuclei deuteron, 6 Li nd 7 Li, are estimated. It is concluded that, based on the established nuclear fusion cross sections and electronic stopping power, the recycling factor is four to five orders of magnitude less than required for close to critical conditions. It is argued that the cross generation of charged particles by neutrons does not play a significant role in this process, even if increased densities at the surface of electrodes do occur.

Studious Skeptics on the Executive Committee of the APS Division of Condensed Matter Physics.

They host CMNS at the March Meeting.

Their opinion lends weight to the status and claims of 'cold fusion'.

Explore the awards and student outreach efforts at their news site.

Newsletters - Unit - DCMP

DCMP Executive Committee

Chair: Smitha Vishveshwara (03/22–03/23)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Chair-Elect: Paul M Chaikin (03/22–03/23)

New York University (NYU)

Vice Chair: Shirley Chiang (03/22–03/23)

University of California, Davis

Past Chair: David K Campbell (03/22–03/23)

Boston University

Secretary/Treasurer: James A Sauls (03/19–03/23)

Northwestern University

Councilor: William Paul Halperin (01/20–12/23)

Northwestern University

Member-at-Large: Natalia Perkins (03/20–03/23)

University of Minnesota

Member-at-Large: Vidya Madhavan (03/20–03/23)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Member-at-Large: Eun-Ah Kim(03/20–03/23)

Cornell University

Member-at-Large: Peter N Armitage (03/21–03/24)

Johns Hopkins University

Member-at-Large: Dragana Popovic (03/21–03/24)

Florida State University

Member-at-Large: Ian R Fisher (03/21–03/24)

Stanford University

Member-at-Large: Vesna F Mitrovic (03/22–03/25)

Brown University

Member-at-Large: Anushya Chandran (03/22–03/25)

Boston University

Member-at-Large: Kun Yang (03/22–03/25)

Florida State University Committee Members

This provides LENR FAQ for Studious Skeptics

Quote from RobertBryant

DeChiaro's slides from 2015 are here

https://coldfusionnow.org/wp-c…brief-DeChiaro-9-2015.pdf

Acceptance of LENR by Physics Community

Physical Review C

Physical Review Letters

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields

European Physical Journal A: Hadrons and Nuclei

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Naturwissenschaften

Physics Letters A

Special Edition of Current Science (2x peer reviewed)

Partial List of Refereed Journals Publishing LENR Papers

Courtesy Mosier-Boss & Forsley (slide 5)

SLIDE 6

Ranks the U.S. with the most peer reviewed papers published at 242, which have been cited 1,170 times, holding a Hirsch rating of 21.

Courtesy Rayms-Keller, Rigsby, & Bingham

Professor Smitha Vishveshwara at Urbana-Champaign University is now on the Executive Committee of the APS Division of Condensed Matter Physics. George Miley and Erik Ziehm's LENR doctoral thesis committee would be able to broach the subject of an APS Division of Condensed Matter Nuclear Physics.

The APS DCMP sponsors CMNS (LENR/Cold Fusion) sessions at the APS March Meeting. The journals of American Physical Society accept CMNS research papers for peer review and publication

Smitha Vishveshwara

Physics - Smitha Vishveshwara

Decoherent Quench Dynamics across Quantum Phase Transitions

by Wei-Ting Kuo, Daniel Arovas, Smitha Vishveshwara, and Yi-Zhuang You

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355721589_Decoherent_quench_dynamics_across_quantum_phase_transitions

Quote from Team NASA GRC LENR White Paper 2022

We have characterized the fusion, activation and fast-fission products through experimental nuclear product observations and material assays, and modeled reactions using SRIM/TRIM, Density Functional Theory (Quantum Espresso) [DECH15], LANL Monte-Carlo Nuclear Modeling (MCNP®) and CERN GEANT-4 [BARA21] codes.

This is perhaps the most important paper not presented at ICCF-24. In the References of this work is a paper of interest that is under review and not available yet. The lead author is Louis F. DeChiaro, LENR of EMC Branch Q51 and the Washington D.C. Navy LENR research group.

Quote

He joined the US Navy as a civilian Physicist in September, 2006 and since 2009 has been performing investigations in LENR physics and supporting the EMC efforts of Branch Q51 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, VA. During the period 2010-2012 he was on special assignment at the Naval Research Labs, Washington, D.C. in their experimental LENR group. Dr. DeChiaro is a member of Tau Beta Pi.

White Paper Reference [DECH21]

“A Multi-Laboratory Study of [Redacted] LENR Codeposition Experiments”, in review (2022).

DeChiaro, L. F.,

Forsley, L.P. ,

Mosier-Boss, P.A.,

Steinetz, B.M.,

Hendricks, R.C.,

Long, K.J.,

Rayms-Keller, P.,

Shea, M.,

Barker, S.,

Benyo, T.L.,

Pines, V.,

Chait, A.,

Sandifer, II, C.E.,

Ellis, D. L.,

Locci, I. and

Jennings, W.D.,

Reference

LENR PHENOMENA AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS, PROFESSOR PETER HAGELSTEIN AND DR. LOUIS DECHIARO

Source

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a 501 professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.Wikipedia

LENR Phenomena and Potential Applications, Professor Peter Hagelstein and Dr. Louis DeChiaro

meetings.vtools.ieee.org

Quote

Fleischmann and Pons had argued that the D/Pd loading ratio needed to be high in order to see excess heat; this was found to be the case in experiments that followed. A correlation was found between the excess power produced and the deuterium flux at the cathode surface. In some experiments increased excess heat was seen at elevated temperature. He-4 was observed in the gas phase, correlated with the energy produced, and in amounts consistent with the mass difference (24 MeV) between D2 and He-4.

His Naval research in Utah

Source

aip.scitation.org was first indexed by Google in November 2016

Cookie Absent

"Hydrogen Segregation and Lattice Reorientation in Palladium Hydride Nanowires"

October 2012 Applied Physics Letters 101(15)

DOI:10.1063/1.4757999

Project: Abnormal Heat Effect

Authors:

J. H. He, David Knies, Coolescence LLC, Boulder, Colorado, United States

Graham K. Hubler, University of Missouri

Kenneth Grabowski, United States Naval Research Laboratory

R. J. Tonucci, United States Naval Research Laboratory

L. F. Dechiaro

This work was supported by The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Contract No. 63-4377-01

ABSTRACT

We study palladium hydride nanowires of different sizes and hydrogen concentrations at 300 K using molecular dynamic simulations. Strong surface segregation of hydrogen with a depletion zone behind is observed in the palladium hydride nanowires. We also show that lattice reorientation is controlled by the hydrogen concentration as well as the nanowire size. The interplay of surface stresses and hydrogen induced stresses is responsible for the observations.

Quote from axil

original thinking about LENR reaction theory of M Fleischmann

Thanks axil

First time that I've read this.

I learn more about Raman Scattering and Martin Fleischmann's lifelong work of participating with others trying to understand and agree on a theory explaining it. More than an electrochemist, he was an advanced Condensed Matter Physicist.

Quote from THHuxleynew

teach magic

Right

You should have your own thread.

Learn about magic

Condensed Matter Nuclear Science

References

[ARPA21] https://arpa-e.energy.gov/even…uclear-reactions-workshop

[BARA20] Baramsai, B., Steinetz, B.M., Forsley, L., Martin, R.E., Ugorowski, P.B., Becks, M.D.,

Benyo, T.L., Chait, A., Hendricks, R.C., Fralick, G.C., Penney, N., Pines, V., Pines, M., and Sandifer,

II, C.E., “Fast Neutron Spectroscopy With Organic Scintillation Detectors in a High-Radiation Environment”, NASA/TM-20205008493 (2021)

[DECH15] DeChiaro, L. F., Forsley, L.P. , Mosier-Boss, P.A.. “Strained Layer Ferromagnetism in Transition Metals and its Impact Upon Low Energy Nuclear Reactions”, J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, 17, (2015) 1-26.

[DECH21] DeChiaro, L. F., Forsley, L.P. , Mosier-Boss, P.A., Steinetz, B.M., Hendricks, R.C., Long,

K.J., Rayms-Keller, P., Shea, M., Barker, S., Benyo, T.L., Pines, V., Chait, A., Sandifer, II, C.E., Ellis,

D. L., Locci, I. and Jennings, W.D., “A Multi-Laboratory Study of [Redacted] LENR Codeposition Experiments”, in review (2022).

[GIBS20] Gibson, M., Poston, D. I., McClure, P.R., Sanzi, J. L., Godfroy, T.J., Briggs, M. H., Wilson,

S.D., Schifer, N.A., Chaiken, M.F., and Lugasy, N., “Heat Transport and Power Conversion of the Kilopower Reactor Test”, Nuclear Technology, 206: sup 1, (2020) 31-42.

[HORI74] “Clean Energy from Hydrogen-Metal Systems”, Project CleanHME, Grant ID: 951974, Poland, (2020)

[HORI84] “Breakthrough zero emissions heat generation with hydrogen metal systems”, Project HER-

MES, Grant ID: 951974, Finland (2020)

[LIPO11] Lipoglavšek M. and Mikac, U., “Electron Screening in Metals”, AIP Conf. Proc., 1377 (2011)

383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3628420

[MILO12] Milocco, A., Trkov, A. and Pillion, M., “A Monte Carlo Model for Low Energy D-D Neutron

Generators”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 271, (2012) 6-12.

[MOSI09] Mosier-Boss, P.A., Szpak, S., Gordon, F.E. and Forsley, L.P.G., “Triple Tracks in CR-39 as

the Result of Pd/D Co-deposition: Evidence of Energetic Neutrons,” Naturwissenschaften, 96 (2009)

135-142

Hey Yo THHuxleynew

oaioai:http://www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/100997

Investigation of a space propulsion concept using inertial electrostatic confinement

Drew Ahern 30 April 2018

Abstract

This thesis discusses the Helicon Injected Inertial Plasma Electrostatic Rocket (HIIPER), a space propulsion concept consisting of a helicon source for plasma generation and an ion extraction method using a nested pair of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) grids that are asymmetrically designed. In this study, which used argon as a propellant, a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) was used to measure the exhaust of HIIPER, and results showed the presence of electrons and ions, with ion energies equal to the helicon bias voltage and electron energies on the order of the inner IEC grid voltage. Electron energy distributions were also generated. Quasineutral exhaust conditions were measured to occur with the inner IEC grid between 2 and 3 kV (negative). Tests on the IEC grid configuration were also performed, which indicated that electrons preferentially exited the asymmetry of the inner IEC grid. Langmuir probe measurements showed that some ion losses occurred due to the experimental setup. These losses were reflected in thrust measurements at the exhaust of only a few micronewtons. However, with improvements to the facilities and experimental setup, improvements in thruster efficiency would likely be obtained. While additional analysis would be required to fully characterize HIIPER, the results thus far show promising quasineutral behavior and demonstrate an innovative cathode design for electric propulsion applications

Thesis text electric propulsion, inertial electrostatic confinement

Similar works

Development and characterization of an inertial electrostatic confinement thruster

Krishnamurthy Akshata30/11/2012

Get PDF

This present work is focused on the development of an IEC thruster based on the jet mode of operation. Discharge characteristics of the IEC jet mode were studied. Current, thermal power, thermal efficiency and thrust measurements were obtained. As an addition, helicon plasma injection into the IEC was studied, and based on findings suitable recommendations for the development of the helicon-injected IEC thruster were proposed

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

Analysis of energy balance in a helicon coupled to an inertial electrostatic confinement device

Chen George30/11/2013

Get PDF

The characteristics of the helicon plasma injection into the IEC were explored. The first such analysis was a COMSOL simulation to determine the voltage as a function of position in the helicon dielectric tube when the IEC cathode is biased to several kilovolts. This COMSOL simulation contained no plasma and a ~20 V drop in the helicon dielectric tube was determined. To build upon this COMSOL model which contained no plasma, calculations of the theoretical ion flow rates were performed. These calculations used the measured ion current to determine the ionization fraction. Using the ionization fraction as an input into the zero dimensional model an electron temperature was obtained. With the electron temperature, collision and sheath/presheath properties can be determined. Finally entering the collision and presheath/sheath properties into a diffusion equation yields an ion flow rate that was on the same order of magnitude as the measured ion flow rate (~1016 s-1). The similarity between the theoretical calculations with the measured values verified some of the assumptions made in the theoretical calculations. Such assumptions include approximating the voltage drop in the presheath, which includes the length of the helicon dielectric tube, as on the order of the electron temperature ~2.85 eV. This assumption was based on the literature and showed that effects such as Debye shielding play a large role in screening out large cathode biases. So increasing the cathode grid bias does not necessary increase the ion flow rate significantly

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

Comparative simulations of conceptual ion extractors for use in asymmetric inertial electrostatic confinement

Keutelian Paul30/11/2013

Get PDF

Many deep space propulsion missions currently use ballistic trajectories to reach their destinations. To reduce the times of flight, electric or plasma based propulsion systems are used. While Hall Effect thrusters are the general standard for plasma propulsion, new technologies can enable shorter travel times. The Helicon Injected Inertial Plasma Electrostatic Rocket (HIIPER) is an attempt to create a new type of robust plasma propulsion solution and is the predecessor to a propulsion and power plant hybrid device, integrating two systems on a vessel to one. Using an asymmetric Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) device as the plasma accelerator stage of HIIPER, plasma must escape the IEC in order to generate thrust or collect power by means of direct energy conversion. To that end, a simulation was designed and run developing the first step of a series of simulations to characterize and rapidly develop HIIPER. This simulation is built in COMSOL Multiphysics and investigates different methods of extracting ions from an IEC using a variety of electrostatic fields at the asymmetry of the IEC to characterize which types of fields result in the highest momentum transfer. The IEC is set to an 8 kV bias with the charged elements of extractors set to 6 kV. The outer shell and exit sampling domain is set to ground potential. Ions are introduced into the IEC perpendicular to the exit channel, reflecting similar conditions in the actual HIIPER experiment. Ions are introduced at 2 eV to characterize the IEC’s performance. Seven cases are studied using conceptual and actual ion extraction and focusing devices and it is discovered that using a quadruple helix extractor, two ground helices opposite each other perpendicular to two charged helices opposite each other, produces the highest relative momentum of all the cases at 2.36 times the momentum achieved by using an asymmetric IEC without any plasma extraction device. The focusing qualities of each device and the exit velocities of the ions are also computed. With this solution, further studies in the experimental phase are possible, as well as being the first step for developing ion-electron interaction simulations, which will be used to compare and verify plasma finite element simulations also in work using COMSOL with the goal of developing simulation tools that can be used to more rapidly iterate the design and progress of HIIPER. It may also be possible to use these results in other electrostatic plasma systems where magnetic fields may be undesirable as a means of focusing and extracting plasmas

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

Experimental and numerical validation of ion extractor grids

Bercovici Benjamin30/11/2014

Get PDF

The experimental plasma thruster named the Helicon Injected Inertial Plasma Electrostatic Rocket (HIIPER) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) is currently being investigated. HIIPER features an Inertial Electrostatic Con nement (IEC) grid that is made asymmetrical by cutting out several wires to enlarge one of the openings in the spherical grid. When fed with a non-fusing gas such as argon, HIIPER operates in a mode where a very sharp plasma beam forms and exits the system through the IEC's asymmetry, thus allowing the existence of a net non-zero momentum. Such an operating mode is called "Jet-Mode". However, it was demonstrated that the exiting plasma beam is mostly dominated by electrons, as opposed to ions. Since electrons carry a very small momentum due to their light mass, an asymmetrical IEC producing an electron-dominated beam is not a viable propulsion device. In order to provide a greater thrust when the IEC is operating in the Jet-Mode, heavier particles such as neutralized ions must exit through the beam. This thesis focuses on the validation of so-called extractor grids, which are electrostatic components that can alter the potential pro le inside the system, and therefore enable the escape of heavier particles towards the preferred exit direction that would otherwise be trapped inside the system. The validation process mentioned before was two-fold: rst, a 2D, axisymmetric, electrostatic Particle-In-Cell code was developed in order to benchmark the di erent extractor grid designs and select those which performed the best at ion extraction. In particular, it was demonstrated that some speci c parameters have a favorable e ect on particle extraction. Second, an experimental campaign consisting in the testing of the extractor grids designs, as well as improving the experimental set-up, was carried out. Conclusions were then drawn on the capacity of HIIPER to act as a space thruster, once augmented with extractor grids. Based on the result of this work, suggestions for future research are made

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

Formation and extraction of a dense plasma jet from a helicon-plasma-injected inertial electrostatic confinement device

Ulmen Benjamin30/11/2013

Get PDF

An inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device has several pressure and grid-geometry dependent modes of operation for the confinement of plasma. Although the symmetric grid star-mode is the most often studied for its application to fusion, the asymmetric grid jet-mode has its own potential application for electric space propulsion. The jet-mode gets its name from the characteristic bright plasma jet emanating from the central grid. In this dissertation work, a full study was undertaken to provide an understanding on the formation and propagation of the IEC plasma jet-mode. The IEC device vacuum system and all diagnostics were custom assembled during this work. Four diagnostics were used to measure different aspects of the jet. A spherical plasma probe was used to explore the coupling of an external helicon plasma source to the IEC device. The plasma current in the jet was measured by a combination of a Faraday cup and a gridded energy analyzer (GEA). The Faraday cup also included a temperature sensor for collection of thermal power measurements used to compute the efficiency of the IEC device in coupling power into the jet. The GEA allowed for measurement of the electron energy spectra. The force provided by the plasma jet was measured using a piezoelectric force sensor. Each of these measurements provided an important window into the nature of the plasma jet. COMSOL simulations provided additional evidence needed to create a model to explain the formation of the jet. It will be shown that the jet consists of a high energy electron beam having a peak energy of approximately half of the full grid potential. It is born near the aperture of the grid as a result of the escaping core electrons. Several other attributes of the plasma jet will be presented as well as a way forward to utilizing this device and operational mode for future plasma space propulsion

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

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inertial electrostatic

https://core.ac.uk › pdfPDF

© 2017 Erik Ziehm - CORE

by E ZIEHM · 2017 — ERIK ZIEHM. THESIS. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements ... University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017. Urbana, Illinois.

141 pages·9 MB

Source

CORE is a service provided by the Knowledge Media Institute based at The Open University, United Kingdom.

Thesis

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/158324143.pdf

Your connection to this site is secure

Quote from Rob Christian

I think Pellegrini is arguing that young scientists will readily explore revolutionary ideas

Consider the dynamics.

1988 Erik and his fellow students 2022

Quote from Rob Christian

Messeri's approach seems selective to me, he seems to be looking for adopters

Young scientists. Target group would be those graduate students considering a Thesis to pursue in Condensed Matter Physics. Most speak the language of "spin tech" easily. The language and concepts of advanced 'cold fusion' i.e. Solid State Atomic Energy Technologies.

Erik Ziehm's research while affiliated with University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and other places.

https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Erik-P-Ziehm-2189212278

Publications (4)

Helicon Injected Inertial Plasma Electrostatic Rocket

Article

Jul 2022

Rohan Puri

George H. Miley

Erik P. Ziehm[...]

Raad Najam

Performance Analysis of HIIPER MPD Thruster

Conference Paper

Aug 2021

Rohan Puri

George H. Miley

Erik P. Ziehm[...]

Raad S. Najam

View Video https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3402.vid

Helicon Injected Inertial Plasma Electrostatic Rocket (HIIPER) is an innovative magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster developed at the University of Illinois UC. It is considered a stepping stone towards nuclear fusion space propulsion system. It comprises of a two-stage mechanism...

Magnetically Shielded RCIEC-Helicon Hybrid Space Propulsion System

Conference Paper

Jan 2020

E. Ziehm

Q. Cai

Rehana Najam[...]

G. Miley

Advancements in the Semi-Automated CR-39 Imaging System for Energetic Charged Particle Detection

Conference Paper

Jan 2020

G. Miley

E. Ziehm

Top co-authors (6)

Raul Patiño

Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías

Rehana Najam

Teerthanker Mahaveer University

George H. Miley

Rohan Puri

Raad S. Najam

Q. Cai

Physics

Topic

Plasma Physics

Experimental Physics

Nuclear Physics

Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Computational Physics

Accelerator Physics

Consider this

Erik Ziehm is working on Cold Fusion Space Drive Systems

Quote from ECS 2002

The criticisms were devastating and cold fusion was to fade from the scene until 2002, when new announcements would emerge

I wasn't following cold fusion in 2002 and I'm not a member of the Electrochemical Society. Perhaps someone here could tell me what new announcements emerged in 2002 to cause them to become believers? I've also been wondering why Pons and Fleischmann were playing around with maximum loading of palladium. Other Studious Skeptics likely wonder also. I've found these papers by Fleischmann from 2002 and 2003.

A friend told me he thinks they were Martin's last two papers, not sure though.

Food for thought for those interested in the field of CMNS and Condensed Matter Physics.

Fleischmann, Martin (2002). "Searching for the consequences of many-body effects in condensed phase systems". Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. ISBN 7-302-06489-X.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmansearchingf.pdf

Fleischmann, Martin

Cambridge, MA: World Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-9812565648

This paper was presented at the 10th International Conference on Cold Fusion. It may be different from the version published by World Scientific, Inc (2003) in the official Proceedings of the conference.

ABSTRACT

Some of the background work which led to the decision to investigate the behaviour of D+ electrochemically compressed into Pd host lattices is outlined.The key features of such “Cold Fusion” systems are described.

1. BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH ON COLD FUSION

It appears to me that most scientists have the impression that my colleague Stanley Pons and I decided one day in late 1983 to go into the laboratory and to carry out the experiment best described by the statement,

“Gee-whiz, let’s go in the lab and charge some Pd cathodes with D+ and see what happens”.

It is, of course, perfectly true that this is what happened. However, the conclusion that this was an isolated example is incorrect as has been realised by a relatively small number of research workers (among whom I would number pre-eminently the late Giuliano Preparata and his colleague Emilio Del Giudice).

In fact, the decision to investigate the Pd/D system was preceded by a long period during which I asked the question:

“is it possible to develop electrochemical experiments which demonstrate the need to interpret the behaviour of condensed matter in terms of the Q.E.D.paradigm?”

The second paper of interest, 2003

"Background to Cold Fusion: the Genesis of a Concept" M. Fleischmann

Bury Lodge, Duck Street, Tisbury, Salisbury, Wilts., SP3 6LJ, U.K.

Source LENR CAN

https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanbackground.pdf

Quote

The scheme of research which led to the start-up of the project now known as “Cold Fusion” is illustrated by Fig. 1.

We note that it is commonly believed that there is absolutely no way of influencing

Nuclear Processes by Chemical means:

therefore, any results that demonstrate

that this might be possible must be due to faulty experimentation, delusion, fraud etc.

However, any enquiry as to the experimental foundation of the first statement in Fig. 1 is normally met by

the response:

“because quantum mechanics, Q.M., shows that this is so”.

We are driven to the conclusion that this first statement is just part of the belief-system of Natural Scientists and we naturally also have to ask the question;

“what conclusion would we draw if we subject the statement to the dictates of Field Theory?”

In the 1960’s we started a series of research projects aimed at answering the Question;

“can we find illustrations in Chemistry (especially Electrochemistry) of the need to invoke the Q.E.D. paradigm to explain the results obtained?” -endquotes

Taking stock: a meta-analysis of studies on the media’s coverage of science

Mike S. Schäfer

Abstract

The presentation of science in the mass media is one of the most important questions facing social scientists who analyse science. Accordingly, media coverage of science has been a constant focal point in the respective literature, and a flurry of such publications has appeared in the past few years. Yet the activity and growth of the respective research have not been accompanied by systematic overviews. This article aims to provide such an overview by means of a meta-analysis: it analyses existing studies systematically and provides an empirical overview of the literature. The analysis shows that while the research field grew significantly in the past few years and employs a variety of research strategies and methods, it has been biased in three ways: mainly natural sciences (and namely biosciences and medicine), Western countries, and print media have been analyzed.

Fleischmann, Martin (2002). "Searching for the consequences of many-body effects in condensed phase systems". Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. ISBN 7-302-06489-X.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmansearchingf.pdf

Fleischmann, Martin (2003).

Cambridge, MA: World Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-9812565648

This paper was presented at the 10th International Conference on Cold Fusion. It may be different from the version published by World Scientific, Inc (2003) in the official Proceedings of the conference.

ABSTRACT

Some of the background work which led to the decision to investigate the behaviour of D+ electrochemically compressed into Pd host lattices is outlined.The key features of such “Cold Fusion” systems are described.

1. BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH ON COLD FUSION

It appears to me that most scientists have the impression that my colleague Stanley Pons and I decided one day in late 1983 to go into the laboratory and to carry out the experiment best described by the statement,

“Gee-whiz, let’s go in the lab and charge some Pd cathodes with D+ and see what happens”.

It is, of course, perfectly true that this is what happened. However, the conclusion that this was an isolated example is incorrect as has been realised by a relatively small number of research workers (among whom I would number pre-eminently the late Giuliano Preparata and his colleague Emilio Del Giudice).

In fact, the decision to investigate the Pd/D system was preceded by a long period during which I asked the question:

“is it possible to develop electrochemical experiments which demonstrate the need to interpret the behaviour of condensed matter in terms of the Q.E.D.paradigm?”

"Background to Cold Fusion: the Genesis of a Concept" M. Fleischmann

Bury Lodge, Duck Street, Tisbury, Salisbury, Wilts., SP3 6LJ, U.K.

Source LENR CAN
https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanbackground.pdf

Quote

The scheme of research which led to the start-up of the project now known as “Cold Fusion” is illustrated by Fig. 1.

We note that it is commonly believed that there is absolutely no way of influencing

Nuclear Processes by Chemical means:

therefore, any results that demonstrate

that this might be possible must be due to faulty experimentation, delusion, fraud etc.

However, any enquiry as to the experimental foundation of the first statement in Fig. 1 is normally met by

the response:

“because quantum mechanics, Q.M., shows that this is so”.

We are driven to the conclusion that this first statement is just part of the belief-system of Natural Scientists and we naturally also have to ask the question;

“what conclusion would we draw if we subject the statement to the dictates of Field Theory?”

In the 1960’s we started a series of research projects aimed at answering the Question;

“can we find illustrations in Chemistry (especially Electrochemistry) of the need to invoke the Q.E.D. paradigm to explain the results obtained?” -endquotes

LENR FAQ for Studious Skeptics

The ECS changed their opinion of cold fusion in 2002. Here is a list of peer reviewed papers on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science published in ECS journals.

I'd like to see more of our researchers submitting papers for publication at ECS.

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY

Quote

When Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced “Cold Fusion” on March 23, 1989, a special evening session was quickly scheduled to the upcoming spring meeting in Los Angeles. By the evening of May 8, the session featured talks by the principals, supporters, and critics. The criticisms were devastating and cold fusion was to fade from the scene until 2002, when new announcements would emerge. endquotes

Detection of Charged Particles Emitted by Electrolytically Induced Cold Nuclear Fusion

Ryoichi Taniguchi, Takao Yamamoto and Setsuko Irie

1989 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 L2021   https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.28.L2021

Cold Fusion: Still trying

David Voss

1989 Phys. World 2 6   https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/2/11/4

A Possible Mechanism for Bulk Cold Fusion in Transition Metals Hydrides

C. Petrillo and F. Sacchetti

1989 EPL 10 15   https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/10/1/003

Cold Fusion: Sales pitching on the Hill

David Voss

1989 Phys. World 2 5   https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/2/6/3

Effect of Electronic Screening on Cold-Nuclear-Fusion Rates

B. Delley

1989 EPL 10 347   https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/10/4/011

Cold Nuclear Fusion Induced by Controlled Out-Diffusion of Deuterons in Palladium

Eiichi Yamaguchi and Takashi Nishioka

1990 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29 L666   https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.29.L666

Remarks on the Possibility of Cold Fusion

Wang Rong

1990 Commun. Theor. Phys. 13 549   https://doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/13/4/549

Cold fusion

Vladimir A Tsarev

1990 Sov. Phys. Usp. 33 881   https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1990v033n11ABEH002654

Cold Fusion: Dramatic developments at the birthplace

David Voss

1990 Phys. World 3 8   https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/3/7/7

Fusion reactions during low energy deuterium implantation into titanium

J. Roth, R. Behrisch, W. Möller and W. Ottenberger

1990 Nucl. Fusion 30 441   https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/30/3/006

Abstract

In the search for ‘cold fusion’ reactions in solids loaded with deuterium atoms at high concentration, ion implantation has been used as a means to reach the required high deuterium concentration in the lattice. In the present investigations, 300 eV to 6 keV D+ ions were injected into 3 μm thick titanium foils at room temperature and at 140 K. The protons from the D(d,p)T reaction were monitored using a solid state detector with a large solid angle, both during and after implantation. After implantation of deuterium in the titanium foil up to saturation, i.e. with about 1.8 deuterium atoms per titanium atom at room temperature, the possible fusion reaction rate at equilibrium was determined over a period of 65 h. The measured count rate was within the limits of the natural background, and an upper limit of 1 × 10−23 per deuterium pair per second was established. During implantation of deuterium at energies between 3 and 6 keV, the count rate is dominated by reactions of the incident energetic deuterons with deuterons already implanted in the foil. The D-D reaction cross-sections, evaluated at 140 K, follow closely those obtained by extrapolation of the Gamow function to low energies. During implantation of 300 eV D+ ions, no counts from the D(d,p)T reactions were monitored, showing that even under extreme conditions of non-equilibrium the possible ‘cold fusion’ reaction rate is smaller than the background count rate.

The Estimation of the Difference Between d(d, n)3He and d(d, p)T Cross Sections in the Cold Fusion

Jing-Shang Zhang

1991 Commun. Theor. Phys. 16 439   https://doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/16/4/439

Review of cold fusion

D R Morrison

1991 Sov. Phys. Usp. 34 1055   https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1991v034n12ABEH002520

Cold fusion: muon-catalysed fusion

H E Rafelski, D Harley, G R Shin and J Rafelski

1991 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 24 1469   https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/24/7/006

'Cold fusion': formation of molecules in interstellar plasmas

D Smith

1992 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 34 1817   https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/34/13/010

Abstract

A brief overview is presented of the ionic reactions that occur in interstellar gas clouds which lead to the production of the complex molecules determined in those regions. It is shown that the interstellar clouds are weakly ionized plasmas and that the chemistry is largely plasma chemistry involving sequences of ion-molecule reactions producing polyatomic ions which then undergo dissociative recombination with electrons resulting in the observed complex neutral molecules. Whilst many normal biomolecular reactions are involved, another class of reactions, radiative association or 'cold fusion' reactions, are also very important in the overall chemistry. These 'cold fusion' reaction are biomolecular association reactions of ions with molecules followed by emission of radiation which stabilizes the coalesced ion against decomposition back to the reactants. They uniquely occur in the low density, low temperature plasma which are the interstellar clouds, and are very involved in the synthesis of interstellar molecules.

Application of a Ge Detector to Search for Fast Neutrons from DD Fusion in Deuterized Pd

Eunjoo Choi, Hiroyasu Ejiri Hiroyasu Ejiri and Hideaki Ohsumi Hideaki Ohsumi

1993 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 3964   https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.32.3964

The Effect of Phonon-Induced Hopping Enhancement and Exact Theory of Cold Fusion

Fu-Sui Liu and Wan-Fang Chen

1995 Commun. Theor. Phys. 23 241   https://doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/23/2/241

Anomalous Heat Evolution of Deuteron-Implanted Al upon Electron Bombardment

Kohji Kamada1, Hiroshi Kinoshita2 and Heishitiro Takahashi2

1996 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 35, Number 2R

ShieldSquare Captcha

Study on Physical Basis of Cold Fusion

Li Jia-quan, Shen Li-ru, Li Guo-sheng and Li Jiong

2002 Plasma Sci. Technol. 4 1585   https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/4/6/013

Effects of Isospin Equilibrium on Cold Fusion of Superheavy Nuclei

Liu Zu-Hua and Bao Jing-Dong

2005 Chinese Phys. Lett. 22 3044   https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/22/12/016

Entrance Channel Dependence of Production Cross Sections of Superheavy Nuclei in Cold Fusion Reactions

Feng Zhao-Qing, Jin Gen-Ming, Fu Fen, Zhang Feng-Shou, Jia Fei, Huang Xi, Hu Rong-Jiang, Li Wen-Fei and Li Jun-Qing

2005 Chinese Phys. Lett. 22 846   https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/22/4/019

New Approach to Cold Nuclear Transmutation Theory

Mikio Fukuhara

2007 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46 3035   https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.46.3035

Abstract

The cold transmutation observed on the surfaces of Sr- or Cs-doped Pd/(CaO + Pd)Pd complexes is interpreted to be a result of virtual 48X particle addition by the confinement of four interstitial solute deuterons jumping from four tetragonal sites to octahedral sites along [111] directions in a Pd/CaO lattice and electrostatic attraction due to the charge transfer in the chains of atoms; i.e., an alternating tetrahedral–octahedral site array with the aid of the electron–phonon charge-density wave coupling and electropionic attraction effects due to the capture of excited electrons from Pd and Ca by vacuum pumping: 3888Sr + 412D + 8e* →4296Mo and 55133Cs + 412D + 8e* →59141Pr. The deuterons are a source of supply for reparation for mass balance in the transmutation. The roles of CaO are dissolution of Sr and Cs and the creation of a good route for deuteron rushing.

Measurement of anomalous nuclear reaction in deuterium-loaded metal

Jiang Song-Sheng, Li Jing-Huai, Wang Jian-Qing, He Ming, Wu Shao-Yong, Zhang Hong-Tao, Yao Shun-He and Zhao Yong-Gang

2009 Chinese Phys. B 18 1428   https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/18/4/024

Advances in proposed D-Cluster inertial confinement fusion target

George H Miley, Xiaoling Yang, Hora Heinrich, Kirk Flippo, Sandrine Gaillard, Dustin Offermann and D Cort Gautier

2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 244 032036   https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032036

Abstract

Our recent research has developed a technique for imbedding ultra high density deuterium "clusters" (D cluster) in Palladium (Pd) thin film. Experiments have shown that in Pd these condensed matter state clusters approach metallic conditions, exhibiting super conducting properties. This deuterium cluster is achieved through electrochemically loading-unloading deuterium into a thin metal film, such as Palladium (Pd). During the loading process, Palladium lattice expands significantly due to invasion of deuterium into the interstitial sites. With the large enough stress, some linear lattice imperfections, called dislocations, form at / transformation interface. These dislocation defects form a strong potential trap causing deuterium to condense. In the present study, a new method employing nano-structuring of the Pd is proposed to significantly improve the site density over the target volume, suggesting that a sizable region of the compressed target deuterium can reach densities an order of magnitude higher than possible with prior target designs. This improved cluster packing fraction will enable a significant increase of the fusion reaction burn density, hence the target burn-up efficiency.

Variable mass theories in relativistic quantum mechanics as an explanation for anomalous low energy nuclear phenomena

Mark Davidson

2015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 615 012016   https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/615/1/012016

Helium-3 Generation from the Interaction of Deuterium Plasma inside a Hydrogenated Lattice: Red Fusion

Edbertho Leal-Quiros and David A Leal-Escalante

2015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 591 012039   https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/591/1/012039

Understanding Sonoluminescence

CHAPTER 9

Conclusion

Thomas Brennan

Published December 2016 • Copyright © 2016 Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Abstract

Sonoluminescence, LENR and the Fleischmann–Pons effect, sonofusion, the nuclear explosions of cold atomic clusters and Rydberg matter, cold fog explosions and atmospheric lightning all share the same underlying mechanism: the discharge of an excited cold condensate. In the case of sonoluminescence, the discharge of the condensate only releases light, but in all of the other phenomena, there is sufficient energy concentrated in the condensate to provide the activation energy for a secondary nuclear reaction that releases even more energy.

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Study of DD-reaction yields from the Pd/PdO:Dx and the Ti/TiO2:Dx heterostructure at low energies using the HELIS setup

A V Bagulya, O D Dalkarov, M A Negodaev, A S Rusetskii and A P Chubenko

2015 Phys. Scr. 90 074051   https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/90/7/074051

Study of Cold Fusion Reactions Using Collective Clusterization Approach

Gurjit Kaur, Kirandeep Sandhu and Manoj K. Sharma

2017 Commun. Theor. Phys. 68 505   https://doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/68/4/505

Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg matter: a review

Leif Holmlid and Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen

2019 Phys. Scr. 94 075005   https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab1276

Theoretical Study and calculation The cold Reaction Rate of Deuteron Fusion In Nickel Metal Using Bose–Einstein Condensate Theory

Aeshah Ali Hussein, Hadi J M Al-agealy and Raad Hameed Majeed

2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 871 012085   https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/871/1/012085

Possible heat production in some Ni-H and Ni-D systems, revised

N M Evstigneev, A V Ikonnikov, S V Makeev, O I Ryabkov and V V Skliznev

2021 J. Phys. Commun. 5 105021   https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac29ee

Energy from Nuclear Fusion

CHAPTER 6

Other approaches to fusion

Richard A Dunlap

Published September 2021 • Copyright © IOP Publishing Ltd 2021

Abstract

The present chapter tries to cover those experiments in nuclear fusion that are scientifically interesting or are historically significant, as well are those that show some possibility of producing useful energy and those that have been most effective in attracting the interest of the general public.

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Quote from teppo

There seems to be Educational Materials page under the Downloads section now

CleanHME

Another former skeptic tells his story of how he became a believer in "Nuclear Transmutation The Reality of Cold Fusion".

I have bought the book many times and given it to someone who exhibits a healthy skepticism. CMNS is science with a capital S. I continue to be amazed by the credentials of the scientists working in this field of Condensed Matter Physics.

Buy the book and gift it...

Read this introduction online for free.

Introduction to the English Edition of –

Nuclear Transmutation:

The Reality of Cold Fusion

by Dr. Tadahiko Mizuno

Department of Nuclear Engineering

Hokkaido National University, Japan

English translation by Jed Rothwell

Infinite Energy Press

Concord, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

With a Foreword by Eugene F. Mallove, Sc.D.

Introduction by Jed Rothwell

Link

lenr-canr.org was first indexed by Google more than 10 years ago

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THHuxleynew

A Summary of NRL Research on Anomalous

Effects in Deuterated Palladium

Electrochemical Systems

DAWN D. DOMINGUEZ

PATRICK L. HAGANS

Surface Chemistry Branch

Chemistry' Division

M. ASHRAF IMAM

Physical Metallurgy Branch

Materials Science and Technology Division

J a n u a r y 9 , 1 9 9 6

Includes New Introductions

by Melvin H. Miles and Pamela A. Mosier-Boss, February 2016

Original distribution authorized to U.S. government agencies only; Test and Evaluation; January 1996. Other requests shall be

referred to Commanding Officer, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5320. In 2016 this document was

Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited

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Quote Pamela Boss

In summary, great care needs to be taken in designing and conducting experiments to study anomalous effects in the Pd/D system. It requires a multidisciplinary team of scientists and care in choosing the appropriate geometries and instrumentation to conduct the experiments. At ICCF14,

Mike McKubre of SRI advised, “Reproduce exactly first. Work with the originator directly, in person, understand their procedures at every step until the original effect is recreated.” With regards to the Pd/D co-deposition experiments, NRL did not do this.-endquote

Quote from Seatrout

will not bind.by electra plating

doesn’t need to.

geometry of energetics

Self Popogate

https://www.researchgate.net › 2606...

Magneto-plasmonic Au-Fe alloy nanoparticles designed for multimodal SERS-MRI-CT imaging | Request PDF

Jul 5, 2022 — It was shown that such NPs have remarkable magnetic and plasmonic properties and are promising for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), SERS, ... lenr-forum.com/attachment/21940/https://vodinh.pratt.duke.edu › quint... Quintuple-modality (SERS-MRI-CT-TPL-PTT) plasmonic nanoprobe for theranostics

Quintuple-modality (SERS-MRI-CT-TPL-PTT) plasmonic nanoprobe for theranostics ; Volume, 5 ; Issue, 24 ; Pagination, 12126 ; Date Published, 2013 ; ISSN, 2040-3372. lenr-forum.com/attachment/21942/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi Magneto‐Plasmonic Au‐Fe Alloy Nanoparticles Designed for Multimodal SERS‐MRI‐CT Imaging - Wiley Online Library

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by L Li · 2022 — The performance of SERS probes largely relies on the plasmonic ... using a new triple-modality MRI-photoacoustic-Raman nanoparticle. Nat. lenr-forum.com/attachment/21941/https://pubs.acs.org › doi SERS-Encoded Nanogapped Plasmonic Nanoparticles: Growth of Metallic Nanoshell by ... - ACS Publications

by J Song · 2014 · Cited by 185 — A review. Various magnetic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents owing to ... Article Views: 6671 lenr-forum.com/attachment/21944/https://iopscience.iop.org › meta Gold-based SERS tags for biomedical imaging - IOPscience

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A Unified Approach to Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

John R. Lombardi and Ronald L. Birke

Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 14, 5605–5617

Publication Date:March 19, 2008

https://doi.org/10.1021/jp800167v

Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society

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