I started watching the Rossi folly in, 2014? Is there any LENR progress? Is LENR a viable energy supply.

    Drgenek, You think within the Standard Model. In the new scientific paradigm, which I write about here in comments and articles, the mass (materiality) of bodies lies in their movement, that is, the mass is equal to the divergence of the tension of the material-energy field. There is no Coulomb barrier for neutrinos.


    Есть холодный ядерный синтез в Земной коре, все остальное 35 лет ищут и бесполезно.

    Нефть - это кровь планеты, надо сделать модель планеты и мы получим генератор Тарасенко, эта энергия покорит вселенную! :lenr:

    Lets look at the data and model the data to explain catalyzed nuclear fusion aka LENR, cold fusion.


    What highly reproducible means of LENR became a multimillion-dollar business? Answer: Santilli's claim of magnecules.

    What then went wrong? Answer: The theory of magnecules was an incorrect explanation of the fuel gas produced by nuclear reaction. Those who bought the business tried to improve it with their common knowledge of scientific engineering. But since nobody really understood the origin of the fuel, they spend their investment in vain and the business when bankrupt. Update: see the thread thunderstorm generator. There is a water-based reaction which will generate excess energy when that water-based fuel is mixed with hydrocarbon fuel to a combustion engine. This is exactly what Santilli found in his investigation of AquaFuel. AquaFuel was the basis which led to his business. A failure to understand it led to the business failure.


    What is the science? Mass balance and stoichiometry based on accepting a phenomenon of magnecules can be applied to data in Santilli's intermediate fusion patent application. The result is a 99.9% accountability in this equation: 7D + O = 2N + 2H. Mass balance and stoichiometry on the reaction which produces AquaFuel indicates that hydrogen will substitute for deuterium in the above equation. This overall reaction is explained by a series of reaction steps which look very much like the alpha cycle used in stars. Like a Tokamak, some containment of very high energies allows this reaction series to occur. Obviously, fusion as per the above equation is only known to occur in very massive stars. To accept the obvious would mean a second type of gravity which couples to mass through a constant several orders of magnitude stronger than universal gravity.


    If one accepts there is only one type of gravity, then one must accept dark matter to balance the observed movement of stars near the edges of the galaxies. The alternative is modified gravity which means something causing a change in the couple constant for gravity. Hence, a second form of gravity is a solution at astronomical scales as it would be for LENR.


    Santilli's intermediate fusion and AquaFuel use an arc of electricity. Arc's create clusters of electrons. Since electrons repel each other then there must be an opposing, force which causes attraction in such objects as ball lightening. However, if an electron became part of a composite particle which composite particle is a boson, then bosons create a condensate which resembles gravity.


    The model works as follows. The boson composite is a string of an electron and some unknown nearly massless particle. The difference in mass and charge of the boson composite and the electron from which it is made is insignificant. Hence, observers like Ken Shoulder see a cluster of electrons but it is boson condensate not a plasma. The boson condensate is built up according to a Phat equation. The equation has the form E= n2(photon energy). This equation was discovered by Pharis Williams. The size of the condensates increases with the quantum number n. The energy in this equation is the maximum energy of a boson composite in the cluster. The energy is preserved in each string in the cluster as relative mass: that is the kinetic velocity of the nearly mass-less particle relative to the electron. The swinging of the nearly-massless particle about the electron causes effects on time, on length between the nearly massless particle and the electron and on the mass of the nearly massless particle. The change in these metrics is the Lorentz factor as predicted by special relativity. Hence, the electro-gravity results from special relativity and buildup of a quantum object. In effect a warp field is build up around each composite particle and by their exchange of photons the warp field extends around the whole cluster.


    The photon exchanged is that which corresponds to the ionization of hydrogen, (about 13.6 eV). Hence, Brillant Light Power observes these radiations as a function of the phat equation but interprets them as resulting from production of hydrinos. Further, Ed Storms amazing spectra of energies of deuterons emitted for glow discharge experiments correlate to Phat equations and to build-up as described in the prior paragraph. This data has been described in detail in this forum.


    So, imagine Ken Shoulder's EVO, a cluster of pseudo-electrons. Pseudo-electrons because real electrons repel each other and these electrons under the influence of a boson condensate attract each other. One can derive an equation for electro gravity by a force balance. This was done several times in this forum. There is an escape horizon above the cluster of pseudo-electrons at which a pseudo-electron is equally attracted to the cluster and repelled by the coulomb force between the negative charge of the electron at the escape horizon and the negative charge of the cluster. One chooses the attractive force as electro-gravity. By using the same mass and charge for pseudo-electrons as for electrons, one can solve for the coupling constant for electro gravity. One finds it to be orders of magnitude stronger than universal gravity. In fact, electro gravity is so strong that it can create blackholes with a mass equal to a few neutrons. The data to support this claim is found by analysis of the images of Matsumoto blackholes and related images by Matsumoto. The particles emitted by Matsumoto's blackholes follow the path of escape from orbit which indicates the particles are massive and under the influence of an attraction like gravity. The sizes of the images are quantized as expected from a countable number of pseudo-neutrons within a neutron star which goes supernova releasing an itonic net and then radiating out of existence as expected for a blackhole. Further, massive radiations fit the description of radiations from cold fusion experiments as per Rout et al.


    If massive radiations come from cold fusion, then in the transmutation equation derived by stoichiometry all the mass loss is not converted to energy per E=mc2. This is true. The yield of energy from Santilli's intermediate fusion is only about 4/10000 of that predicted assuming 100% of mass loss by transmutation is converted to energy.


    So, what the summary? A cold fusion occurs and can be proven with a high degree of certainty based on mass balance and stoichiometry. The explanation of cold fusion as resulting from electro gravity is mathematically reasonable and supported by data analysis but extremely outside of the mind set of most scientists. Cold fusion produces massive radiations and therefore not a high energy output as expected for hot fusion.


    There is still hope for cold fusion. Analysis show that the massive radiations of cold fusion are a fuel. The simplest and oldest way to use cold fusion is produce a fuel gas like Aquafuel or improve on a design such as the thunderstorm generator. Further, experiments such as LEC, G. Edgeley's device and speculation on results of Brillant Light Power suggest that the massive radiation from cold fusion can be converted to electrical power.

    @Omavan


    The term LENR can also be applied to the forcing of fission reactions that do not normally occur at low energies. Around 1968 two significant explosions were associated with Joseph Papp's so called Noble Gas Engine. You can say what you want about the engine, but explosions are hard data points. I became a member of this forum in trying to explain how they worked, as I thought fusion would be involved. However, I was led to a reaction that occurs on the sun where two deuterium atoms fuse. This reaction should go to Helium 4, but ends up at Helium 3 or tritium. It seems that the Helium 4 is an intermediate sate but can not get rid of excess energy by emitting a photon. If the reaction of Helium 4 to Helium 3 can be forced interesting things will happen.

    Quote from Aleksandr Nikitin

    Drgenek, You wrote a lot of words, but you never once said the word “neutrino.” It is known, based on numerous experiments, that a free neutron decays into a proton, electron and antineutrino. And are you trying to unravel the mystery of cold nuclear fusion without neutrinos?

    I wrote "The boson composite is a string of an electron and some unknown nearly massless particle." One could assume that particle is Majorana neutrino/antineutrino and the stings are W particles. However, since a Matsumoto blackhole radiates massive particles until it ceases to exist, the either Majorana neutrino/antineutrino is the lowest possible mass of particle, or we must look for another candidate for a particle for the deconstruction of what was a neutron. It seems to me that the product of blackhole deconstruction could be the mass/energy basis of the Higgs field if so, it would be poorly labeled by the name "neutrino".


    Furthermore, blackholes are likely the origin of dark energy. So, given that the massive radiation of a Matsumoto blackhole isn't different from celestial blackholes, this unknown nearly massless particle takes another role beyond "neutrino."

    Drgenek, don't make it complicated. Everything is very simple! While Earth experimenters are preparing to use neutrinos in cold nuclear fusion, Nature has already conducted the following experiment: During the explosion of the supernova SN1987a, cold nuclear fusion occurred and 99% of the mass-energy of the star SN1987a turned into neutrino radiation.

    Quote from Aleksandr Nikitin

    cold nuclear fusion

    14000 Kelvin isn't that cold

    .. a bit difficult to emulate in a laboratory

    Title: Supernova 1987A
    Authors: Arnett, W. D., Bahcall, J. N., Kirshner, R. P., & Woosley, S. E.
    Journal: IN: Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics. Volume 27 (A90-29983 12-90). Palo Alto, CA, Annual Reviews, Inc., 1989, p. 629-700. Research supported by the University of Arizona.

    Bibliographic Code: 1989ARA&A..27..629A

    RobertBryant, cold nuclear fusion in supernova SN1987a began ~30 days after the explosion and neutrino cooling ((up to ~3000-5000K):

    9. Physical and mathematical solutions of the motion of matter are found: for the hydrogen atom [5], Sun and Earth [6,7], Supernova SN1987A [8], CMB, gravitational waves and neutrinos [6,7,9], Mach's principle [10], connection of fundamental constants [11,12], falsifiability and experiments [7,11,12].

    10. The movement of matter in the form of a chain reaction of cold nuclear fusion (LENR) as a reaction of β+ or β- decay according to the scheme:

    → ῡ+p+→ e++n → → n→p++e-+ῡ→ +p+,

    when an antineutrino ῡ acts on a proton p+ with the formation of a positron e+ and a free neutron n, which partially decays and is absorbed with the formation of isotopes and subsequent emission of the antineutrino ῡ, happens everywhere: in the Sun, in the Earth and other planets during the fusion of stars and "black holes" and supernova explosions after neutrino cooling1, (such as SN1987A), in plants and animals2 under the influence of neutrinos and antineutrinos formed , in particular, during β+ and β- - decay of radioactive isotopes 238U, 235U, 232Th, 40K19, 14C6 (in the atmosphere),56Ni28, 63Ni28 (artificial radioactive isotopes), with the synthesis of new elements and heat release.

    _______________

    1 After the explosion of SN1987A and volumetric neutrino cooling, a cold nuclear fusion reaction began in the supernova remnant. A month after the explosion, all the energy released by the explosion had already gone in the form of neutrino radiation, but SN1987A first fell in brightness, and then gradually increased in luminosity until it reached a peak on 05.20.1987 (after 80 days) to a magnitude of 2.9. By this time, most of the light came from another energy source: the decay of radioactive isotopes produced by the explosion. Supernova light curve accurately tracked the radioactive decay rate of 56Co (+β decay (p→n+e++νe), T1/2=77.27 days) using it as an energy source. [14, 15, 16]

    2 in the body of a chicken, potassium 40K19 can be converted into calcium 40Ca20 by transmutation with hydrogen 1H1 [20]

    «By the end of the first month after the explosion of SN1987A, it was noticed that the radiation of the supernova is fueled by the radioactive decay of 56Co27 formed in the central region of the explosion» [14]

    «The nature of the source of energy pumping has been established - the radioactive decay of the nuclide 56Co, the product of the decay of another radioactive nuclide 56Ni28 (–ε electron capture (p+e-→n+νe) and +β decay (p→n+e++νe), T1/2=6.075 days):

    56Ni28→56Co27→56Fe26

    56Ni28 is formed in the process at the moment or shortly before the explosion in the bowels of SN1987А» [15]

    The energy of the expanding matter of a supernova is not enough to explain the duration and energy of its outburst, which lasted several months. At the late stage, the supernova glowed due to the energy of the radioactive decay of 56Ni with the formation of 56Co and subsequent decay to stable 56Fe [16].

    “A number of experiments indicate that, in fact, neutrinos at low energies quite noticeably interact with matter” [18]

    11. In terrestrial conditions, by analogy with SN1987A, one of the real nuclear chain reactions of β-decay (n→p+e-+ῡe) along the main channel, when controlled by various methods, is feasible in the laboratory: passing hydrogen 1H1 (tritium 3H1, deuterium 2H1, water H2O) through 63Ni28, (or 56Ni) (artificial radioactive isotope of nickel, harmless to humans, serving as a source antineutrino (neutrino) and substance absorbing neutrons), at t ~36.5 - 1200°C:


    → ῡ + 63Ni28+1H→63Cu29+e-+ῡ+1H+Q → ῡ+p++e- → ῡ+p+ → e++n → n→p++e-+ῡ → +1H →


    where 63Cu29 is a stable non-radioactive copper isotope.

    It is possible, with appropriate protection from harmful radiation, a chain reaction of cold nuclear fusion through the following β- decay channel when a +p+ proton (hydrogen 1H1, tritium 3H1, deuterium 2H1, water H2O , etc.) is supplied to an antineutrino:

    241Pu94 (+p+) → 241Am95 + e- + ῡe (+p+) → 237Np93 + 4α2 + e++n → → n→p++e-+ῡe → +p+ →,

    where → ῡe+p+→ e++n → n→p++e-+ῡe → +p+.

    12. With this chain reaction of LENR, along with the transmutation of the nuclei of elements and the release of the kinetic energy of the particles in the form of heat Q, it is possible to generate a high power electric current from emitted electrons, for example, using diamond semiconductors, in particular using carbon 14C (beta-galvanic device, beta-voltaic generator) or others.

    13. The movement of material bodies according to the modern scientific paradigm is a mechanical movement in space and time. In the presented theory, the motion of matter is primary periodic (with the frequency of Planck's time) process of material-energy induction due to the difference in energy potentials formed a absolute spherical sink-source (convergence-divergence). There is only one way to change the energy-gravitational potential difference of the moving Cosmos to create a "traction force" at a fundamental level - by "burning" the mass, i.e. turning it into "neutrino" radiation (neutrino field), which is what happens with cold nuclear fusion LENR.

    14. Consequently, during a chain reaction of cold nuclear fusion LENR, several joint processes simultaneously occur in one material body - the “engine”:

    1) synthesis of new elements with the release of mechanical thermal energy,

    2) generation of electric current as the movement of electrons arising during the reaction,

    3) non-mechanical "anti-gravity" motion of the body in space and time. During the LENR reaction, the mass of the reactor-engine decreases due to its transformation into neutrino radiation, which increases the difference in energy-gravitational potentials in this place of space-Cosmos and the body-engine moves in the direction of a smaller difference in energy-gravitational potentials.

    Knowledge of these processes will allow them to be used for practical purposes.

    Conclusions and consequences are of a qualitative nature and serve for quantitative experimental confirmation of the theory. [19]

    [14] M. Hashimoto, K. Nomoto, et al., Light-curve models for supernova SN1987A in the LMC, Nature 328, 320 (1987)

    [15] Имшенник В.С., Надёжин Д.К. Сверхновая 1987А в БМО: наблюдения и теория. УФН 156 в.4 1988 (RUS)

    [16] Астрофизический модуль «Квант», Наука и человечество (1989) А.А. Логунов. М.: Знание, 1989. с.299-301 (RUS)

    [17] Пархомов А.Г. Нейтрино малых энергий как причина аномалий в бета-распадах и ХТЯ, Метафизика(2020) №4(38) (RUS)

    [18] Parkhomov, A. and Belousova, E. (2022) Huge Variety of Nuclides That Arise in the LENR Processes: Attempt at Explanation. Journal of Modern Physics, 13, 274-284. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2022.133019.

    [19] A.P. Nikitin, Cold Fusion (CF) Chain Reaction and Non-mechanical Engine.(2022) (RUS-ENG) https://vixra.org/abs/2204.0144 https://vixra.org/pdf/2204.0144v1.pdf

    [20] C. Louis Kervran and Biological Transmutations. C. Louis Kervran and Biological Transmutations. Retrieved 2019-08-01.

    1) In fact, we live in a neutrino field. It’s just that we haven’t yet known it.

    2) It is in principle impossible to understand cold nuclear fusion within the framework of the modern scientific paradigm of the Standard Model. This impasse can only be overcome in a philosophical and metaphysical way, namely: by postulating the primacy and absoluteness of the non-mechanical movement of our united World. The materiality of our World lies in its movement. It is necessary to come to the conclusion: movement can only be influenced by movement.

    2) Nickel Ni 63, in my opinion, is the most convenient isotope for this role (nickel Ni56, K40, 241Pu94 and others are possible.)

    3) The Chinese are great, but I propose to set up an experiment and implement a fundamentally new idea, namely: a CHAIN reaction of cold nuclear fusion!!!

    4) Read my comments and articles. Thank you.

    Quote from Aleksandr Nikitin

    1) In fact, we live in a neutrino field. It’s just that we haven’t yet known it.

    2) It is in principle impossible to understand cold nuclear fusion within the framework of the modern scientific paradigm of the Standard Model. This impasse can only be overcome in a philosophical and metaphysical way, namely: by postulating the primacy and absoluteness of the non-mechanical movement of our united World. The materiality of our World lies in its movement. It is necessary to come to the conclusion: movement can only be influenced by movement.

    2) Nickel Ni 63, in my opinion, is the most convenient isotope for this role (nickel Ni56, K40, 241Pu94 and others are possible.)

    3) The Chinese are great, but I propose to set up an experiment and implement a fundamentally new idea, namely: a CHAIN reaction of cold nuclear fusion!!!

    4) Read my comments and articles. Thank you.

    Hello, I have read your posts and wondered if your idea that there’s a neutrino field has anything in common with the slow / cold / relic neutrinos Alexander Parkhomov has published about. I have found your work online long before you came to the forum, but never was able to see the way it can be translated to practical experiments. Parkhomov, by stating that the emission of neutrinos from metals can be enhanced greatly with temperatures above 1000 degrees Celsius, has done some interesting experiments that very few people really find credible, but I think are simple enough to replicate.

    I certainly Hope to see LENR helping humans to blossom, and I'm here to help it happen.

    Like 1
    Quote from Curbina

    Parkhomov, by stating that the emission of neutrinos from metals can be enhanced greatly with temperatures above 1000 degrees Celsius,

    Classical physics claims neutrinos for all missing mass that cannot be explained... but...


    Classical physics experiment can only measure the photon energy equivalent of a neutrino that has an almost infinitesimally small cross section with real matter...We talk here of a few events/day in 100 tons of certain liquids.


    So certainly neutrinos play no role in promoting LENR. What we know from real experiments is that proper resonant mixtures of magnetic isotopes strongly promote LENR. We can measure this with our gamma spectrometer where we can find the gamma chain for e.g. 60Ni+D* --> 62Zn --> 62Cu--> 62Ni.

    This works very easily for a proper mixture and certainly not (or very slowly) for just Ni+D.

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